Cognitive Expansion Technologies
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چکیده
In ancient times, at great effort over the span of many years, people learned to do arithmetic, to read, to write, and to measure reality with rulers and eventually clocks. A person who cannot handle any of these cognitive tools is a very different creature from somebody who can. The changes happening now will be at least as significant, and will occur much faster, probably within a single human lifetime. This article will consider cutting-edge research being done today, and extrapolate its implications some distance into the future. One theme of this survey is that very humble information technology applications could have a cumulative effect that is extremely dramatic, all the more stunning because we ourselves will be involved every step of the way. A major transformation of the human mind has begun, a revolution as profound as any that has occurred in human history, yet it is occurring peacefully in our own personal lives. It involves nothing less than the integration of human thought with electronic systems for perceiving, processing, and presenting information. Search engines on the World Wide Web are the most obvious part of the first wave of this revolution, but researchers are preparing additional waves that will wash over us from all directions, changing what it means to be human. Perhaps the most visible next stage is the proliferation of semiautonomous artificial intelligence agents, which are beginning to take over cognitive tasks from the humans who own them, and in so doing to transfer aspects of human personalities into machines and across the wider net. Personal Artificial Intelligence Agents The fact that computers are learning to adapt to their users’ unique characteristics was impressed upon me when I finished editing the Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction in 2004 (Bainbridge 2004). Peter Brusilovsky of the University of Pittsburgh contributed an essay on adaptive help systems, and Alfred Kobsa of the University of California at Irvine contributed one on adaptive interfaces, distinct but related ways in which recent software personalizes itself to the style of perception and decision-making of the user. Attentive user interfaces, as described in another essay by Ted Selker of MIT, actually watch the user and infer what he or she is paying attention to. Humans and computers are learning to talk with each
منابع مشابه
Editorial : Sustainable Development of Cognitive Science and Technology Ecosystem an Overview to the “Human Brain Project” as a Functioning Sample
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تاریخ انتشار 2008